ããã«ã¡ã¯ïŒä»åã¯æŽç¬ã®å¯¿åœãå¥åº·çã«é·çãããããã®ç§èš£ã«ã€ããŠ
解説ããŠãããŸãã
ç®æ¬¡
- 1 æŽç¬ã®å¹³å寿åœã¯ã©ããããïŒïŒ
- 2 æŽç¬ã®æé«å¹Žéœ¢ã¯26æ³ïŒ
- 3 宀å 飌ããšå±å€é£Œãã®æŽç¬ã®å¯¿åœã¯å·®ãããã®ïŒ
- 4 æŽç¬ã®ããããããç æ°ã»æªæ
- 5 æŽç¬ã®é·çãã®ç§èš£ã¯ïŒ
- 6 ãŸãšã
æŽç¬ã®å¹³å寿åœã¯ã©ããããïŒïŒ
ãºããªãããŸããæŽç¬ã®å¹³å寿åœã¯15æ³ååŸã§ããããã¯ä»ã®ã¯ã³ã¡ããã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãå²ãšé«ãã§ããçŸåšã¯ããŒããå»çãé²åããŠããã®ã§å¯¿åœã¯ä»¥åããã䌞ã³ãã§ãããã
人éã®å¹Žéœ¢ã«çœ®ãæããŠã¿ããšã15æ³ã¯ãããã76æ³ã«ãªããŸãã
ç£å»åž«åºå ±çã®HPã«å¹Žéœ¢æç®è¡šãæ²èŒãããŠããŸããèªåã®ã¯ã³ã¡ããã¯ã©ã®ããããèŠãŠã¿ãŠäžãããã
ïŒç£å»åž«åºå ±çã®å¹Žéœ¢æç®è¡šã¯ãã¡ãïŒ
ãªã¹ãšã¡ã¹ãšã§ã¯å¯¿åœã«ããŸãéãã¯ãããŸããã
ãŸããè±æŽãšæŽç¬ãšã®å¹³å寿åœã«éãããããã¯ãæ£çŽã®ãšããåãããŸããããšããã®ããè±æŽã¯æ£åŒã«è±æŽãšããç¬çš®ãšããŠèªããããŠããªãäºããããæ£ç¢ºãªããŒã¿ããããŸãããè±æŽãšããŠé£Œã£ãŠããŠããæç¬ã«ãªã£ããæŽç¬ã®ãµã€ãºã«ãªã£ããšãã話ããã°ãã°ããããããã£ãäºãèžãŸãåŸããšå¯¿åœã®éãããããã©ããã¯å®ãã§ã¯ãªããšæããŸãã
æŽç¬ã®æé«å¹Žéœ¢ã¯26æ³ïŒ
æŽç¬ã®äžã§æãé·çãã ã£ãã¯ã³ã¡ãããååã¯ãããŒã¹ã±ããšããæŽç¬ã®ããã¯ã¹ç¬ã§ã
ãªããš26æ³ïŒ1985幎ïœ2011幎ïŒãŸã§çããããã§ãã人éã®å¹Žéœ¢ã ãš120æ³ä»¥äžãšããšãŒã£ãŠãé·çãã ã£ããã§ããïŒåœæã¯ååœããŠããã¯ã³ã¡ããã®äžçæé«éœ¢ãšããŠã®ãã¹ããã¯ã«ãèŒã£ãã»ã©ïŒçŸåšã§ã¯èšé²ãæŽæ°ãããŠããããïŒã亡ããªã
å ã¿ã«ãã®ãã¹ããã¯èªå®ã®äžçæé·å¯¿ã®ã¯ã³ã¡ããã¯ããã«ãŒã€ãŒããšããååã®ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã³ã»ãã£ãã«ã»ããã°ã§29æ³5ãæã ããã§ãã
宀å 飌ããšå±å€é£Œãã®æŽç¬ã®å¯¿åœã¯å·®ãããã®ïŒ
以åã¯ç¬ã¯å€ã§é£Œãã®ãã¹ã¿ã³ããŒãã§ããããæè¿ã¯å®€å ã§æŽç¬ã飌ããå®¶åºãããªãå¢ããŠããŸããã宀å ãšå€ã§é£Œããšã§ã¯å¯¿åœã«å·®ãããã®ããšããçåã«ã€ããŠãçãããŸãã
宀å 飌ãã®æŽç¬ã®æ¹ãå±å€é£Œãã®æŽç¬ãããé·çãããããåŸåã«ãããŸãããªãããšãããšãå±å€ã®æ¹ã害è«ãå€çã¹ãã¬ã¹ãåããããããã§ããç¹ã«å€å Žã¯èãå€ãçºçããå±å€ã§éãããŠãããšèã«ãã£ãŠãã£ã©ãªã¢çã«ããã£ãŠããŸããªã¹ã¯ã宀å ãããæ Œæ®µã«é«ãã§ãããŸãããããããã«åãŸããå¯èœæ§ãé«ãç®èãã©ãã«ã«ãåããããã§ãã
æŽç¬ã¯èŠæå¿ã匷ãã®ã§ãå±å€ã§éãããŠãããšãå®¶ã®è¿ããéã人ãä»ã®ç¬ãæ§ã ãªç©é³ãæãããããå€çã¹ãã¬ã¹ããããããããšèšãããŠããŸãããã®ä»æªå€©åã®æ¥ã«ãå€ã§éãããªããŠã¯ãããªãã®ã§ã宀å ã§ç©ããã«ããããŠãã宀å 飌ãã®ã¯ã³ã¡ããããã¯ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãæããŠããŸãäºã§ãããã
ãŸããå€ã§é£Œã£ãŠãããšã宀å 飌ãã®ã¯ã³ã¡ãããããäžç·ã«ããæéãçãã®ã§ãæªæãç æ°ãªã©ã«æ°ã¥ãã«ãããšããäºãèããããŸãããŸããæŽç¬ã¯ã²ãšãããæéã奜ãã§é·æéã®ãçå®çªãäžæã§ãããããŸãã«æ§ã£ãŠããããªããšå€ç¬ãæãããã®å¯ãããã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«ã€ãªããäºããããŸãã
ãã®ä»ãå€ã§é£Œã£ãŠããå Žåãäžæ ®ã®äºæ ãªã©ã«ãéãå¯èœæ§ããããŸããã¯ã³ã¡ãããè±èµ°ãããã®éã«äº€éäºæ ã«éã£ãŠããŸã£ããšããæ²ãã話ãããã®ã¯äºå®ã§ãã
æŽç¬ã®ããããããç æ°ã»æªæ
ããããã¯æŽç¬ã¡ããã®ããããããç æ°ãæªæã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŠãããŸãã
ç®èã®ç æ°
ã»ã¢ãããŒæ§ç®èç
ããããã«ããããŠã¹ãã¹ããšãã£ãã¢ã¬ã«ã²ã³ãéºäŒããã¢ãããŒæ§ç®èçã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãæŽç¬ã¡ããã¯å€ãã§ããããã¿ãç®èã®èµ€ã¿ãæãæ¯ãªã©æ§ã ãªç®èãã©ãã«ãèµ·ãããŸãã
ã»é£ç©ã¢ã¬ã«ã®ãŒ
å°éºŠã倧è±ãããŠã¢ãã³ã·ãé£åæ·»å ç©ãªã©ãé£ã¹ç©ããã¢ã¬ã«ã®ãŒãçºçããŸãããã¡ãã¯ç®èã®ããã¿ãèµ€ã¿ãªã©ã«å ããŠäžç¢ãååãªã©ãåŒãèµ·ãããŠããŸããŸãã
ç®ã®ç æ°
ã»çœå é
é«éœ¢ã®æŽç¬ã«å€ãç æ°ã§ããç®ãçœãæ¿ã£ãŠèŠåãäžãã£ãŠããŠãæçµçã«ã¯å€±æããŠããŸãç æ°ã§ããçœå éããç·å éãªã©ãçºçããŠããŸããŸãã
ã»ç·å é
ãã¡ããé«éœ¢ã®ã¯ã³ã¡ããã«å€ãç æ°ã§ããæŽç¬ã¯ç®ã®æ§é äžãããããããçç¶ãé²ããšåŒ·ãçã¿ãã§ãŠããŸããçŒçãåºã£åŒµã£ãããã«èŠãïŒçŒå§ãäžããïŒææªã®å Žåãã¡ãã倱æããæãããããŸãã
è³ã®ç æ°
ã»å€è³ç
è³ã®å€è³ïŒèŠããéšåããéŒèãŸã§ïŒããã©ã»ãã¢èã现èçã«ææããããè³ã®æé€ãããããã¢ãããŒæ§ç®èçãé£ç©ã¢ã¬ã«ã®ãŒãšãã£ãç®èãã©ãã«çãæ§ã ãªåå ã§ççãèµ·ããäºãå€è³çãšèšããŸããå€è³çã«ãªããšãè³ãããã¿ãèµ€ã¿ãªã©ã®çç¶ãåºãŠããŸãã
埪ç°åšã®ç æ°
ã»ç²ç¶è ºæ©èœäœäžç
æ°é³ä»£è¬ãä¿ããç²ç¶è ºãã«ã¢ã³ãã®åæ³ãäœäžããŠããŸãç æ°ã§ã代è¬ãäžãã£ãããšã«ãããå æ°ããªããªã£ãããæãæ¯ãæ¥ãªäœéå¢å ãªã©ãäœã«è²ã ãªæ¯éãåºãŠããŠããŸããŸãã
å¿èã®ç æ°
ã»å§åžœåŒééäžå š
å§åžœåŒãšåŒã°ããå¿èã®å·ŠåŽã«ããåŒãããŸãéããããªããªããè¡äžã®é žçŽ éãäžãã£ãŠããŸãçºãå³ãèºæ°Žè «ã»ãã¢ããŒãŒãªã©ã«é¥ã£ãŠããŸãæãç æ°ã§ãã
é¢ç¯ã®åé¡
ã»èè骚è±èŒ
èã®ãç¿éšåã®èè骚ãè±èŒããã±ãŒã¹ãæŽç¬ã«ã¯å€ãããã§ããè±èŒããŠããŸãšã¹ãããã®æ§ãªæ©ãæ¹ã«ãªã£ãããè¶³ãåŒããã£ãããçã¿ãåºãŠãããããŸããOèãXèã®ã¯ã³ã¡ããã¯è±èŒãçããŸãããã
ã»è¡é¢ç¯åœ¢æäžå š
è¥ãæé·æ®µéã®æŽç¬ã«çºçããå¯èœæ§ã®ããè¡é¢ç¯åœ¢æäžå šã§ããã»ãšãã©ã¯éºäŒçèŠå ã§ãããäžã«ã¯è¥æºãçæŽ»ç°å¢ããè¡é¢ç¯åœ¢æäžå šãèµ·ããäºããããŸãã
ç æ°ãæªæã¯æ©æçºèŠæ©ææ²»çïŒ
æç¬ãå¥åº·çã«é·çãããããã«ããæ©æã®çºèŠãæ©ãã®æ²»çããšã£ãŠã倧åã§ãã
ããïŒãã€ããšãªãã ããããããïŒãšæ°ã¥ãããšãã§ããããã¯ã³ã¡ãããæ®æ®µããè§Šã£ãããæ°ã«æããŠãããŠäžããããŸããåææ®µéã§ã¯çç¶ãåºãªãç æ°çãããã®ã§ã宿çãªå¥åº·èšºæãããããããŸãããããã€ãã®ç é¢ããããšè²ã ãšçžè«ããããã§ãããäžãäžã®æãå®å¿ã§ããã
æŽç¬ã®é·çãã®ç§èš£ã¯ïŒ
ããããã¯æŽç¬ã¡ãããé·çãããããã®ãã€ã³ããã玹ä»ããŸãã
å¥åº·çãªé£ç掻
å¥åº·çã«é·çãããããã«æ¬ ãããªãã®ãé£äºã§ããã¯ã³ã¡ããã®å¹Žéœ¢ãäœéã«ããããŠãéãšåæ°ãèŠåæ£ããäžããäºã倧åã§ãã
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäžå¿ã«è¯è³ªãªèèªãçæ°Žåç©ããã¿ãã³é¡ãããã©ã«ãªã©ãæ¯æ¥ã®é£äºã§è£ã£ãŠããããã§ãããã®çºã«äœã«è¯ãããã°ããŒããéžã¶äºã倧åã§ããäžã®äžã«ã¯æ°å€ãã®ããã°ããŒãã売ãããŠããã®ã§ãããã ïŒãšæ±ºããã®ã¯ãªããªãé£ããã§ããã
äž»ã«ãã©ã€ããŒãã®ã話ã§ããããã®ããã°ããŒãã«ã¯æ§ã ãªæ·»å ç©ãé²è å€ãéŠæãªã©äººå£çãªãã®ãããããå ¥ã£ãŠãããã®ãå€ãååšããŸããå®ãã«ãããããšã¯ãããŸããããã¯ã³ã¡ããã®å¥åº·ã®çºã«ã¯è¯è³ªãªãã®ã䜿ã£ãŠããããã°ããŒããéžãã§ããããã§ãã
ããã°ããŒãéžã³ã®ãã€ã³ã
ã»ãç·åæ é€é£ããšè¡šèšããããã®
ã»åæã®è¡šèšã§äžçªæåã«ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªïŒãèïŒãæžãããŠãããã®
ã»çæ°Žåç©ã¯æå°éã®ãã®
ã»åç©æ§æ²¹èããšããã·ãã³ãçè²æçãå ¥ã£ãŠããªããã®
ãããŠããèã匱ããé¢ç¯ãæªããç æ°ã«ããã£ããªã©ãã¯ã³ã¡ããã«ãã£ãŠæ§ã ãªç¶æ ã®å€åããã£ãå Žåã¯ããããã®äœã«åã£ãããã°ããŒãã«å€ããäºãå¿ èŠã§ãã
æ¯æ¥ã®é£äºã®ä»ã«ãããã€ãªã©ããããã§ããããããã€ã¯ã«ããªãŒãªãŒããŒã«ãªããªãããã«ããããã«æ³šæããŸããããããã€ã¯ãéããåæ°ã§ãã
ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãæºããªãäº
ã¹ãã¬ã¹ã¯å¥åº·ãé»å®³ãã倧ããªèŠå ã§ããã¹ãã¬ã¹ããŒãã«ãªãäºã¯æãããããŸãããç§ãã¡äººéã§ãããçšåºŠã®ã¹ãã¬ã¹ããã£ãæ¹ãæå€ãšå¥åº·çã ã£ããããŸããã¹ãã¬ã¹ãæããèŠå ãåãé€ããã®ã§ããã°ããŸãã¯åãé€ããŠãããŸãããã
æé€ã§ããããªäºæãäžãããšã
ãŸãã¯ãã¯ã³ã¡ãããšæ¯æ¥ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããšã£ãŠå¯ããæ³ãããããªãäºã§ããåè¿°ããŸããããå€ç¬ãæããããäžå®ã«ãªãäºãã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«ãªããŸãããæ£æ©ããã©ãã·ã³ã°ãäžç·ã«éã¶ãã¯ã³ã¡ãããšã話ãããçãæ§ã ãªæ¹æ³ããããŸããä»äºã§ç²ããŠãããããšèšãèš³ãããææ ãæã£ãŠæ¥ããŠãããŸãããã
ãŸãã宀å 飌ãã«å€ããåé¢äžå®ããã¹ãã¬ã¹ã®äžå ã§ããåé¢äžå®ã«ãªããšã飌ãäž»ãããšé¢ãããšå ãããå ãç¶ãããå®¶å ·ãªã©ã®åãã§ã¯ãããªããã®ãåãã§å£ããããšããå°ã£ãè¡åãèµ·ãããŠããŸããŸãããããªããšã¯ã³ã¡ããã飌ãäž»ãããèŸãã§ãããããã®å Žåã¯ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãçºæ£ããããããããŸãåé¢äžå®ãå æããããšãå¿ èŠã§ãã
å€é£Œãã®å Žåã¯ãæ¥èšªè ãå®¶ã®åãéã人ããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠé床ã«èŠæãããäºãããã°ãã¯ã³ã¡ããã«ãšã£ãŠã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«ãªããããŸãããã¯ã³ã¡ããã®ç€ŸäŒåãããŸãåºæ¥ãŠããªãå¯èœæ§ãããã®ã§ã瀟äŒåã®èšç·ŽãããŠã人ãã¢ããæ¥µåºŠã«æãããªããŠãããäºãæããŠãããŠäžãããè¥ããã¯ããããã²ãšéãã®å€ãå Žæã«ã¯ã³ã¡ãããã€ãªãã§ãããªãäºã§ãããå®¶ã«ãã£ãŠç¶æ³ãå®¶ã®éåããéãã®ã§ã§ããªãæ¹ããããšæããŸãããã¯ã³ã¡ãããèœã¡çããŠéãããå Žæãèããäºã倧åã§ããã
ãããŠå€§åãªã®ã¯ã¯ã³ã¡ããã®ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãçºæ£ãããŠãããŠãã¹ãã¬ã¹ãæºãŸããªãããã«ããŠãããäºã§ãã
æ¯æ¥ã®ãæ£æ©
ã¹ãã¬ã¹çºæ£ã®çºã«ãŸãã¯ãæ¯æ¥ã®ãæ£æ©ãã§ããæ¯æ¥ã®ãæ£æ©ã¯çããããŸãããïŒéšã®æ¥ã¯ãããªããšæ±ºããŠããŸãããïŒã¯ã³ã¡ããã«ãšã£ãŠæ£æ©ã¯ãšã£ãŠã倧äºã§ãã
ã¯ã³ã¡ããéã¯äžæ¥ã®ãã¡ã»ãšãã©ããå®¶ã§éãããŸããèªåã«çœ®ãæããŠèŠãŠäžãããããŒã£ãšãå®¶ã«åŒãããã£ãŠãããããã¯ã¹ãã¬ã¹æºãŸããŸãããïŒïŒå€ã«åºãŠæ°å転æããå¿å°ã®è¯ãéåããããã§ãããïŒããéåã¯è¯è³ªãªç¡ç ã®çºã«ãå¿ èŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãããŸãã¯ãæ£æ©ããèŠçŽããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ã¯ã³ã¡ãããšã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããšãã
æ¯æ¥æç¬ãšã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããšã£ãŠããŸããïŒã¯ã³ã¡ããã®ã¹ãã¬ã¹ã®èŠå ã®äžã€ã«ãã¯ã³ã¡ãããå€ç¬ãæããäºããããããŸããã¯ã³ã¡ãããå¯ãããšæãããšãå€é³Žããé å ããªã©ã®åé¡è¡åã«ãçºå±ããŸãããŸããã¯ã³ã¡ãããå¯ãããšæããã»ã©æ§ã£ãŠããªããšç æ°ãæªæã«ãæ°ã¥ãã«ãããçµæãšããŠæç¬ã®å¯¿åœãçž®ããŠããŸãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ã¯ã³ã¡ãããšè©±ãæ©äŒãå¢ããããæèçã«æ¥ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ã²ãšãéã³ã®ã§ããããã¡ã
ã¯ã³ã¡ããã®ãçå®çªäžã«éå±ãã®ããã§ããããã¡ãããããšã¹ãã¬ã¹çºæ£ã«ã圹ç«ã¡ãŸããã²ãšãéã³çšã«çšæããŠããããããã¡ãã®ä»£è¡šäŸãã玹ä»ããŸãã
ã»åãããã¡ã
ã¯ã³ã¡ããã¯åãããšã§ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãçºæ£ããã®ã§åãããã®ããã¡ãã¯ãã¹ãã¢ã€ãã ã§ãïŒããŒã (Hartz) ã®ãã³ã¿ã« ããŒã³ãã¹ããŒã³ (SPORN) ã® ãããŒããŒã³ãªã©ã¯éã³ãªãããã³ã¿ã«ã±ã¢ãã§ããã®ã§äžç³äºé³¥ã§ãã人工çãªçŽ æã¯ã¡ãã£ãšå¿é ãšãã
æ¹ã¯ãæšã䜿ã£ãããã¡ããäžããŠãããŸãããã
ã»ã³ã³ã°
ç¥è²ç©å ·ãšããŠã人æ°ã®ã³ã³ã°ã¯ã¯ã³ã¡ãããã³ãã³ãã転ãããšããã°ããŒããããã€ãåºãŠããä»çµã¿ãªã®ã§ã楜ããçŸå³ããéã¹ãã¯ã³ã¡ããã«ãšã£ãŠããããããã¡ãã§ãã
å»å¢æè¡ã§ç æ°ãäºé²
ããªãŒããŒããã®æ§ã«ç¹æ®ãèããŠããªã飌ãäž»ããã«ã¯ãå»å¢æè¡ããäºãèããŠã¿ãŠäžããããšããã®ããå»å¢ãããäºã§éãšéããããã§èµ·ããç æ°ãæªç¶ã«é²ãäºãã§ããããã§ãã
äºé²å¹æã®ããç æ°
ãªã¹ïŒç²Ÿå·£ã®è «çãåç«è ºçãåç«è ºè¥å€§ãèéåšå²è ºè «
ã¡ã¹ïŒåå®®èè¿çãåµå·£è «çãä¹³è ºè «ç
ãŸãããªã¹ã®ã¯ã³ã¡ãããå»å¢ãããšãçºæ æã®ã¡ã¹ã远ããããããé å ããããããæ§æ Œãç©ããã«ãªãã®ã§ãçµæçã«ã¯ã³ã¡ãããæããã¹ãã¬ã¹ã軜æžã§ããã¡ãªããããããŸãã
ãã ã絶察ã«å»å¢ããå¿ èŠãããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã飌ãäž»ããã®èãæ¹ããã¯ã³ã¡ããã®æ§æ Œãªã©ãããæ¬åœã«å»å¢ãå¿ èŠãªã®ããã¡ããšæ€èšããäžã§å»å¢ãããã®ããããªãã®ããæ±ºããŠãã ããã
ãŸãšã
ãããŸã§ã®æµããã¶ã¯ã£ãšïŒãŸãšããŸããã
- æŽç¬ã®å¹³å寿åœã¯ïŒ15æ³ååŸïŒééã¯ããŸãéããªãããŸããã
- æŽç¬ã®æé·å¯¿ã¯äœæ³ïŒïŒæŽç¬ã®ããã¯ã¹ã ãã©ã26æ³ïŒ
- 宀å 飌ããšå€é£Œããšã§ã¯å¯¿åœã«å·®ãããïŒïŒãããŸãïŒå€é£Œãã¯å¥åº·ãªã¹ã¯ã宀å ãããå°ãå€ãã¿ãã
- é·çãã®ç§èš£ïŒæ¯æ¥ã®å¥åº·çãªé£ç掻ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ãæºããªãäºãç æ°ã®æ©æçºèŠã»æ©ææ²»çãå»å¢ãããã©ããèãã
ããããã£ãããé·çãã«ãªã£ãïŒïŒãšããäºã§ã¯ãªããæ¥ã ã®é£ç掻ãéåãã¯ã³ã¡ãããšã®æ¥ãæ¹ãå¥åº·ãé·çãã«ã€ãªãã£ãŠãããã§ãããç§ãã¡äººéãšäœãå€ãããããŸããã
å¥åº·ã¯äžæ¥ã«ããŠãªããã§ãïŒä»ããã§ããäºã¯ãŸããã¯ã³ã¡ãããèªåã®çæŽ»ç¿æ £ãèŠçŽããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ã³ã¡ã³ããæ®ã